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河口区既是人类排污物的主要汇集地，又是单向流体和双向流体相互作用的场所，三者构成一个复杂而多变的地球化学物理场。在这里因一定的物理、化学和生物化学作用使来自陆地的重金属污染物从水体中沉降下来，进入底部沉积物即积累过程，又会因类似的作用使这些金属从沉积物中活化而再次进入水体即释放过程，产生所谓的“二次污染”，河口沉积物水界面过程调控着这一体系的方向与限度。对该领域在过去几年里的主要研究成果进行阐述，进而指明该领域研究中有待解决的问题。
The estuarine area is not only the main pool of human pollutants, but also the place where one-way fluid interacts with the two-way fluid, and the three constitute a complex and ever-changing geophysical field. Here, due to certain physical, chemical and biochemical effects, heavy metal pollutants from the land settle down from the body of water and enter the bottom sediment, ie, the accumulation process, which will then reactivate these metals by activating them from the sediment The release of water body, resulting in the so-called “secondary pollution”, estuary sediment water interface process to regulate the direction and limits of this system. The main research results of this field in the past few years are elaborated, and the problems to be solved in this field are pointed out.