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本文从地貌演化角度,探讨了土壤侵蚀过程的动力学机理。认为土壤侵蚀过程受控于内力和外力两种营力过程及人类活动过程的共同作用。在内力相对稳定的时期内,土壤侵蚀过程主要依靠外力过程和人类活动过程共同完成;水力侵蚀是半干旱地区土壤侵蚀的主要方式之一,影响土壤侵蚀的外力因素主要是流量与降水。笔者以甘肃中部半干旱地区祖历河流域为例,运用灰色系统理论的灰色关联分析方法为手段,研究揭示了输沙量流量与降水指标之间的关系,提出了半干旱地区水土流失过程的产流、产沙函数,由此导出了水土流失因素定量分析的数学模型,并分析了祖历河流域五十年代初期至八十年代中期,人类活动对减水、减沙效益的贡献。
In this paper, the dynamic mechanism of soil erosion process is discussed from the perspective of landscape evolution. It is considered that the process of soil erosion is controlled by both the internal and external force processes and the human activities. During the relatively stable period of internal force, the process of soil erosion mainly depends on the process of external force and human activities. Hydro-erosion is one of the main forms of soil erosion in semi-arid areas. The external factors affecting soil erosion are mainly flow and precipitation. Taking Zuoli River basin in the semiarid area of central Gansu as an example, this paper uses the gray correlation analysis method of gray system theory as a means to study and reveal the relationship between sediment discharge and precipitation indicators, and puts forward the process of soil and water loss in semiarid areas Runoff and sediment yield. The mathematical model for quantitative analysis of soil erosion was derived, and the contributions of human activities to the water and sediment reduction benefits were analyzed from the early 1950s to the mid 1980s.