一1781年,乾隆四十六年。这一年,在中国和德国思想史、学术史上,都是一个坐标。这也是纪晓岚得意的一年。这一年的春天,康德因为《纯粹理性批判》的出版,毫无争议地成为了后世公认的大思想家。正是从这一年开始,康德开启了他改变世界的“三大批判”之路。这条路,康德一走就是十年。1788年,他的“第二批判”——《实践理性批判》问世;1790年,他的“第三批判”——《判断力批判》问世。1781年至1790年,整整十年。也正是这十年,地球这一边的中国,也有 In 1781, Qianlong forty-six years. This year, in China and Germany, the history of ideas, academic history, are a coordinate. This is also the proud year of Ji Xiaolan. In the spring of this year, Kant became the acclaimed mega-thinker later in life because of the publication of “Critique of Pure Reason.” It is from the beginning of this year that Kant opened his road to “three critical critiques” of changing the world. This way, Kant is a decade away. In 1788, his “Second Criticism” - “Practical Rational Criticism” came out. In 1790, his “Third Criticism” - “Critique of Judgment” came out. From 1781 to 1790, a full decade. It is also this decade, China on the other side of the earth, there are