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本文研究了不同饲料添加物对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长和非特异性免疫的影响。实验设计了5种不同的饲料添加物,分别为破壁酵母(A,添加量为0.6%)、中草药提取物(B,添加量为0.3%)、柠檬酸(C,添加量为0.3%)、益生菌(D,蜡样芽孢杆菌Bacillus cereus BC-01,添加量为109cfu/kg)和氟苯尼考(E,添加量为15mg/kg),以投喂实验用基础饲料组作为对照(F)。每个处理组分别设置了5个重复,每个重复10尾虾,实验进行了42d。研究结果表明:各处理对虾的成活率均在90%以上,各组间成活率未见显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,添加破壁酵母、中草药提取物、柠檬酸和氟苯尼考均可显著提高凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率(P<0.05),但四者之间相互差异不显著(P>0.05);添加破壁酵母、中草药提取物和柠檬酸显著降低了凡纳滨对虾的饲料系数(P<0.05),而添加破壁酵母效果则显著优于柠檬酸(P<0.05);总体比较,与其它添加物相比,添加破壁酵母组凡纳滨对虾的增重率和特定生长率最高,而饲料系数则最低。5种不同添加物比较,饲料中添加芽孢杆菌后,凡纳滨对虾的血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)以及溶菌酶(LSZ)的活性均显著提高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,饲料中添加适量的破壁酵母、中草药提取物、柠檬酸、氟苯尼考均对凡纳滨对虾生长具有显著的促进作用,5种添加物均可在不同程度上提高对虾的非特异性免疫能力,但以添加芽孢杆菌效果最佳。
In this paper, the effects of different feed additives on the growth and non-specific immunity of Litopenaeus vannamei were studied. Five kinds of feed additives were designed and tested. The results were as follows: (1) the amount of added A was 0.6%; the extract of Chinese herbal medicine B was 0.3%; the content of citric acid was 0.3% , Probiotics (D, Bacillus cereus BC-01 with the dosage of 109 cfu / kg) and florfenicol (E with the dosage of 15 mg / kg) F). Five replicates were set for each treatment group, with 10 shrimp per replicate. The experiment was conducted for 42 days. The results showed that the survival rates of shrimp were all above 90%, no significant difference (P> 0.05). Compared with the control group, the specific growth rate of Litopenaeus vannamei was significantly increased (P <0.05) by adding the cell-free yeast, Chinese herbal extract, citric acid and florfenicol, but there was no significant difference among the four (P <0.05). The addition of broken yeast, Chinese herbal extract and citric acid significantly reduced the feedstuff coefficient (P <0.05) of Litopenaeus vannamei, while the addition of broken - wall yeast was significantly better than that of citric acid (P <0.05). Overall, compared with other additives, the Penaeus vannamei group had the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate, but the lowest feed rate. Compared with 5 kinds of different additives, the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lysozyme (LSZ) Activity were significantly increased, significantly higher than the control group (P <0.05). The results of this study showed that the addition of proper amount of broken yeast, Chinese herbal extract, citric acid and florfenicol to feed increased significantly the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei, and all five kinds of additives could increase shrimp to varying degrees Non-specific immune capacity, but to add Bacillus best.