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我国古代杰出科学家、《梦溪笔谈》的作者——沈括(公元-○三一——一○九五年)是一个积极参加王安石变法运动的法家。据毕沅的《续资治通鉴》载,变法运动失败后,有人告密王安石亲党三十人,沈括名列第十五。沈括与王安石结交较早。皇祐右三年他的父亲逝世,墓志铭就是王安石作的。王安石执政时,沈括丧母,回钱塘守制。熙宁三年终丧回京,积极参加了变法运动。第二年迁任太子中允,检正中书刑房公事,成为制订新法的参谋。此后五、六年间,他不但是新法的参与设计者,还是积极的执行者,一直到管理全国财政的职务。变法失败后,御史蔡确曾攻击沈括说:“朝廷新政规画,巨细括莫不预,其于役法,讲之固熟。”(李焘《续资治通鉴长编》卷二八三)。变法期间他直接主管的工作,重要的有: (一) 熙宁五年,负责王安石农田水利法的重点项目汴河疏浚工程的调查规划,有力地驳斥了旧党对水利法和淤田成就的攻击。五年后,沿汴淤田九千余顷,开封府界淤田八千七百余顷。他的测量成果,对后来清汴工程的设计和兴筑也起了重要作用。 (二) 察访两浙农田水利。两浙豪族地主以“兴役扰民”为借口,宣布停修两浙水利。
Shen Kuo (AD - ○ Trillion - 1955), an outstanding scientist in ancient China and the author of Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan, is an active member of Wang Anshi’s reform movement. According to Bi Yuan’s “Renewal of Capital Rules”, after the defeat of the reform law movement, some 30 people were accused of being Wang Pinshe’s pro-party party and Shen Kuo ranked fifteenth. Shen Kuo and Wang Anshi made earlier. Emperor Yu right his father died three years, the epitaph is made by Wang Anshi. When Wang Anshi came to power, Shen Kuomui died and returned to Qiantang. Xi ning funeral returned to Beijing three years, has actively participated in the reform movement. The second year moved to Prince Edward, allowed to correct the book criminal office, became the staff to formulate new law. In the next five or six years, he was not only a participant designer of the new law, but also an active practitioner, managing the national financial affairs. After the failure of the reform, Censor really attacked Chen Yu Cheshire said: “The court’s New Deal regulation, including the size of the precondition, its service law, about the cooked.” (Li Kui, three). During the change period, he directly supervised the work, the important ones are as follows: (I) Xining five years, is responsible for Wang Anshi farmland water law key project 汴河 dredging project investigation and planning, strongly refuted the old party on water law and silviculture achievements attack. Five years later, more than 9,000 hectares of muddy land were scattered along the Kaifeng government and 8,700 hectares were stored in Kaifeng Prefecture. His measurement results also played an important role in the design and construction of the Qingli project later. (B) visits two Zhejiang farmland water conservancy. Liangzhe Haozu landlords to “revitalize the disturbing people” as an excuse to announce the suspension of two-Zhejiang water conservancy.