一、前言水果什么时候采收,可用化学测定、花期推算、直接观察等方法来确定。搞果树栽培的,一般能掌握住这个时期。但从经济学的观点来看,理论上的采收时间与实际需要有时不合。举例来说,砀山梨在9月上中旬其色香味、个头才算真正达到生理成熟指标,但大部分买主却在8月初就着手抢货去占领市场。将近一个月的生长时间被挤掉了。后期所增加的重量是否能弥补住水果大批上市时的价差,这个问题一直都在困扰着科技人员。因此,采收时间与销售价格之间应该有一个相关系数来确保种植者的利益。也就是说早期销售的价格必须将后期所增长的重量包含进去,这才符合经济规 I. Preface When the fruit is harvested, it can be determined by methods such as chemical determination, flowering date estimation, and direct observation. Those who cultivate fruit trees can generally master this period. However, from the perspective of economics, the theoretical harvest time and actual needs sometimes do not fit. For example, in the first half of September, the color, fragrance, and size of Yakashi pear were considered to have met the target of physical maturity. However, most buyers started grabbing the goods to occupy the market in early August. Nearly a month of growth was squeezed out. Whether the added weight in the later period can make up for the price difference when the fruit is mass marketed has always plagued scientists and technicians. Therefore, there should be a correlation coefficient between harvest time and sales price to ensure the interests of growers. In other words, the price of early sales must include the weight added in the later period, which is in line with the economic regulations.