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以行业类别设置高等学校,是我国高等教育的一个传统,也是计划经济的一个特征。基于此,我国普通高校除综合大学之外,还有理工、农业、林业、财经、政法、语言、医药、艺术、体育等单科类院校。但是,在高等教育大众化进程中,单科性院校纷纷向综合大学发展。高等教育规模扩张加剧了高校的趋同化进程,最直观的表现就是各高校非类专业的日益增多。且不论专业实力如何,单从专业设置来看,很多单科性院校已经有了综合大学的气势。目前,行业院校所设置的非类专业主要集中在英语、计算机、会计、经济学、法学、工商管理、旅游管理、艺术设计、金融学、信息管理与信息系统、国际经济与贸易、行政管理、公共事业管理等专业上。这些专业绝大多数属于投入少的文科类和管理类专业,办学成本低,师资队伍也好组建。从考生的角度来说,非类专业的增多无疑为志愿的选择提供了一条蹊径。综观数年的高校录取分数线我们会发现,非类专业录取分数线通常较低,比如,天津大学目前是以工为主、理工结合,经济、管理、人文、法律、教育学科协调发展的学科布局,她的工科比其他学科要有优势,这在录取分数上表现得一目了然。(见表1)
The establishment of higher education institutions based on industry categories is a tradition of higher education in China and a feature of planned economy. Based on this, in addition to comprehensive universities, ordinary colleges and universities in our country also include single science colleges such as science and engineering, agriculture, forestry, finance, politics and law, language, medicine, arts, and sports. However, in the process of the popularization of higher education, monotechnic colleges have developed to comprehensive universities. The expansion of the scale of higher education has intensified the process of assimilation of universities. The most intuitive manifestation is the increasing number of non-specialized universities. Regardless of professional strength, from the perspective of professional settings, many single-discipline institutions already have the momentum of a comprehensive university. At present, non-specialties set by industry institutions are mainly concentrated in English, computer, accounting, economics, law, business administration, tourism management, art design, finance, information management and information systems, international economics and trade, and administrative management. , professional management, etc. The vast majority of these majors belong to liberal arts and management majors with low investment, low running costs, and good teachers. From the perspective of candidates, the increase in non-specialized professions undoubtedly provides a path to volunteer choice. Looking at college admission scores for several years, we will find that non-professional admissions scores are generally lower. For example, Tianjin University is currently a discipline-based layout with a focus on the integration of engineering, science and engineering, and economics, management, humanities, law, and education. Her engineering department has advantages over other disciplines, and this is evident on the admission score. (See Table 1)