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在刑法及刑事诉讼领域,我国司法实践面临的较大问题,是对故意与过失的判断。一方面,因为像非法占有目的和故意等犯罪主观心理态度的证明本来就是一个世界性难题,这是人类认识局限性的结果,当然也有证明责任、证明程度及证明方法等制约;另一方面,我国刑法主观主义的法律文化根源——“重视人心的儒家化法律传统、重教化轻报应德主刑辅的法理念、重视国家轻视个人的义务本位的法权观”——深刻影响亦不容忽视,“一种具有深厚社会文化基础的观念一旦形成,必将极大作用于历史,即便在最初的条件已经消失,相应的制度已经改变的情况下,它也可能长久的存留下去,于无形之中影响甚至左右人们的思想和行为。”据此,本文关于刑事主观事实认定方法的探析,将循着对春秋决狱之原心定罪及其方法的思辨展开。
In the field of criminal law and criminal procedure, the larger problem that judicial practice in our country faces is the judgment of intentional and fault. On the one hand, because the proof of the subjective and psychological attitude toward crimes such as illegal possession purpose and deliberate intention has always been a worldwide problem, which is the result of the limitation of human cognition, of course, it is also conditioned by the burden of proof, the degree of proof and the proof method. On the other hand, The Legal and Cultural Roots of Subjectivism of Criminal Law in China - “The Legal Tradition of Confucianism that Emphasizes the Heart, Refining the Law Idea of Reinforcing Criminal Law and Assisting the Principal Reciprocal Supplement, Attaching Importance to the Legal Concept of” Neglecting that “once a notion of profound social and cultural foundation is formed, it will certainly greatly contribute to the history. Even if the initial conditions have disappeared and the corresponding system has changed, it may persist for a long time to come. Invisibility affects or even affects people’s thoughts and behaviors. ”Accordingly, the analysis of the method of determining criminal subjective facts follows the criminal conviction of Spring and Autumn and the speculation of its methods.