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热防护技术是决定高超声速飞行器设计成败的关键要素。高超声速飞行器不同部位将承受不同的力、热载荷,需选择不同的热防护方案。以HTV-2、X-37B和NASA的亚轨道运输飞行器为例,系统介绍三类典型高超声速飞行器采用的热防护方案,并揭示了热防护技术的最新进展。未来,材料工艺技术的发展和创新型热防护方案的研发,将进一步提升热防护系统的技术成熟度和适用范围,为各类高超声速飞行器的设计研制提供重要的能力保障。
Thermal protection is a key element that determines the success or failure of a hypersonic vehicle design. Hypersonic vehicles in different parts of the aircraft will withstand different forces, thermal load, need to choose a different thermal protection program. Take the HTV-2, X-37B and NASA suborbital aircraft as an example, this paper systematically introduces the thermal protection schemes adopted by three typical hypersonic vehicles and reveals the latest progress of the thermal protection technology. In the future, the development of material technology and the development of innovative thermal protection solutions will further enhance the technical maturity and application scope of thermal protection systems and provide important capabilities for the design and development of various types of hypersonic vehicles.