论文部分内容阅读
晚清华北集市的发展表明,集市数的增加首先与人口有关;但并不完全是正相关的关系,在不少情况下,一个集市可为X数量的人口服务,也可为2X或3X数量的人口服务。集市数增加,意味着农产商品化和商品流通量的扩大,显示出经济繁荣的景象;但在晚清,人均耕地减少,农民贫困度增加,农民为维生而会更多地卷入商品经济,会更多地利用剩余人力以发展低成本的各色家庭工副业,这些对集市贸易量和集市数增长都起着作用。故贫困是晚清北方农村商品流通量扩大的原因之一。
The development of late North China bazaars shows that the increase in the number of bazaars is first of all related to the population; however, it is not completely positive. In many cases, a market can serve a population of X or 2X or 3X number of population services. The increase in the number of bazaars means that the commercialization of agricultural products and the expansion of the circulation of commodities show a picture of economic prosperity. However, in the late Qing dynasty, per capita arable land decreased, peasant poverty increased, peasants became more involved in their livelihood The commodity economy will make greater use of surplus manpower to develop low-cost color homegrown side-jobs, all of which will play a role in the market volume and market growth. Therefore, poverty is one of the reasons for the increase of rural commodity circulation in the northern part of the country in the late Qing Dynasty.