传统观念认为神经病理性疼痛主要是由神经元的功能改变所引起的。然而,近来有大量的研究证实脊髓小胶质细胞的激活在神经病理性疼痛的发生发展中起着重要的作用。当小胶质细胞被激活后,释放出大量的神经活性物质、细胞因子和炎性介质,这些物质的释放都会引起神经炎症和免疫反应,最终导致神经功能紊乱。尽管目前神经病理性疼痛的发病机制尚不十分清楚,但众多学者认为,小胶质细胞与神经病理性疼痛的发生有着密切的关系。 The conventional wisdom is that neuropathic pain is caused mainly by functional changes in neurons. However, a large number of recent studies have demonstrated that the activation of spinal cord microglia plays an important role in the development of neuropathic pain. When microglial cells are activated, a large amount of neuroactive substances, cytokines and inflammatory mediators are released. These substances release neuroinflammation and immune responses, eventually leading to neurological disorders. Although the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain is not yet clear, many scholars believe that there is a close relationship between microglia and neuropathic pain.