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微型胶囊(简称微囊)是近二十多年来发展起来的一种新剂型,系利用高分子物质或共聚物(通称包囊材料)包裹于固体或液体药物(通称囊心物质)的表面,使成密封的微小胶囊,外观呈粒状或圆球形,直径以微米(μ)计,范围在1～5,000微米,一般大小在5～400微米之间。所以微型胶囊可看作是一种药物被包裹在囊膜内而形成的微小的无缝胶囊。微型胶囊最初用于“无碳复写纸”的生产,到六十年代初期才开始用于药物包囊。到目前国外已有三十余类药物包成微囊后制成各种制剂。此外,还广泛应用于农业、食品工业、机械工业等方面。近年来我国在微型胶囊的研究方面也有了许多新的进展,如利用国产包囊材料研制维生素 A 微型胶囊,将中草药挥发油(如牡荆油等)制成微囊片,将甲地孕酮进行包囊制成复方针剂,以及驱绦虫药鹤草酚微型胶囊的工艺探索及体外释放试验等研究。
Microencapsulation (microcapsule) is a new formulation developed in recent twenty years. It is made of polymer or copolymer (commonly known as encapsulation material) wrapped on the surface of solid or liquid medicine , To make a sealed capsule, the appearance of granular or spherical, the diameter in microns (μ), ranging from 1 to 5,000 microns, the general size of 5 to 400 microns. So micro-capsules can be seen as a drug is wrapped in the capsule and the formation of tiny seamless capsule. Microcapsules were originally used in the production of “carbonless paper” and were not available for drug encapsulation until the early 1960s. So far there are more than thirty kinds of drugs into microcapsules made of various preparations. In addition, it is also widely used in agriculture, food industry, machinery industry and so on. In recent years, China has also made many new progress in the research of microcapsules. For example, vitamin A microcapsules are made with domestic encapsulated materials, and microcapsules tablets are made from the volatile oil of Chinese herbal medicine Cysts made of compound injection, as well as the tapeworm drug agrin phenol microcapsules exploration and in vitro release test research.