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目的:探讨大强度耐力训练和不同剂量补铁对大鼠血清铁、血红蛋白及骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链功能的影响。方法:40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):对照组(C组)、训练组(T组)、小剂量补铁+训练组(S组)、中剂量补铁+训练组(M组)和大剂量补铁+训练组(L组)。训练大鼠进行每周6天、共8周的递增负荷运动。补铁组大鼠第5~8周补铁,小剂量为28.85 mg/d/kg,中剂量为57.7 mg/d/kg,大剂量为115.4 mg/d/kg。训练结束后取血液及骨骼肌样本,测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血清铁含量及骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链酶复合体Ⅰ~Ⅳ(CⅠ~Ⅳ)活性。结果:1)与C组相比,T组血清铁含量显著下降(P<0.01),M组和L组血清铁含量均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与T组相比,S组、M组和L组血清铁含量均显著升高(P<0.01)。2)与C组相比,T组Hb含量显著下降(P<0.01)。与T组相比,S组、M组和L组Hb含量均显著升高(P<0.01)。3)与C组相比,T组和S组CⅠ~Ⅲ活性均显著升高(P<0.01),CⅣ活性显著下降(P<0.01);M组CⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著升高(P<0.01);L组CⅠ和CⅢ活性显著升高(P<0.01),CⅣ活性显著下降(P<0.01)。与T组相比,S组CⅠ、CⅡ和CⅣ活性均显著下降(P<0.01),CⅢ活性显著升高(P<0.01);M组CⅠ~Ⅳ活性均显著提高(P<0.01);L组CⅠ、CⅡ和CⅣ活性均显著下降(P<0.01)。结论:大强度耐力训练引起大鼠缺铁性贫血,训练期间补铁可改善贫血状况,中剂量补铁提高骨骼肌线粒体呼吸链功能的效果最佳。
Objective: To investigate the effects of intensive endurance training and different doses of iron on respiratory chain function of serum iron, hemoglobin and skeletal muscle mitochondria in rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8): control group (C group), training group (T group), low dose iron supplementation training group (S group) Training group (M group) and high-dose iron + training group (L group). Rats were trained to perform an incremental load exercise for 6 weeks per week for a total of 8 weeks. Rats in iron-supplemented group received iron supplementation for 5 to 8 weeks, with a low dose of 28.85 mg / d / kg, a medium dose of 57.7 mg / d / kg and a high dose of 115.4 mg / d / kg. After training, samples of blood and skeletal muscle were taken for determination of hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron content and enzyme Ⅰ ~ Ⅳ (CⅠ ~ Ⅳ) activity of skeletal muscle respiratory chain enzymes. Results: 1) Compared with group C, serum iron content in T group was significantly decreased (P <0.01), and serum iron content in M group and L group was significantly increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01). Compared with T group, the levels of serum iron in S group, M group and L group were significantly increased (P <0.01). 2) Compared with group C, the content of Hb in group T decreased significantly (P <0.01). Compared with T group, the content of Hb in S group, M group and L group were significantly increased (P <0.01). 3) Compared with group C, the activities of CⅠ-Ⅲ in T group and S group were significantly increased (P <0.01), CⅣactivity was significantly decreased (P <0.01), CⅠ-Ⅳ activity in M group was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The activities of CⅠand CⅢ in L group were significantly increased (P <0.01), and CⅣactivity was significantly decreased (P <0.01). Compared with T group, the activities of CⅠ, CⅡ and CⅣwere significantly decreased (P <0.01) and the activity of CⅢ was significantly increased in S group (P <0.01); the activity of CⅠ ~ Ⅳ in M group was significantly increased (P <0.01); L Group C Ⅰ, C Ⅱ and C Ⅳ activity were significantly decreased (P <0.01). Conclusion: High-intensity endurance training can cause iron deficiency anemia in rats. Iron supplementation can improve the anemia during training, and moderate-dose iron supplementation can improve the function of respiratory chain of skeletal muscle.