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据不完全统计,清朝皇宫从顺治到宣统268年中先后发生大小火灾约17起,平均每16年发生火灾1起。相比于明朝,清宫火灾发生率明显降低,这与清廷完备的“火政”密不可分。与此同时皇宫内自成系统的防火组织—火班也应运而生,并较清以前各朝的救火组织更为系统、成熟化,在清代皇宫防火及救火方面起到了很大的作用。本文试图从清朝防范火班的设立及发展方面进行简单论述,以展示清宫防灾、救灾情况。
According to incomplete statistics, there were about 17 fires of size and size that occurred in the Qing Dynasty from 268 during the Shunzhi to Xuan Tong, with an average of one fire every 16 years. Compared with the Ming Dynasty, the incidence of the Qing fire was significantly reduced, which is closely related to the complete “fire regime” of the Qing court. At the same time, the self-contained fire protection organization in the imperial palace-firepower came into being as well, and the fire-fighting organizations in each dynasty were more systematic and mature than before, playing a significant role in the fire prevention and fire fighting of the Qing Dynasty imperial palace. This article attempts to make a brief discussion on the establishment and development of fire prevention in the Qing Dynasty in order to demonstrate the disaster prevention and relief of Qing Palace.