中国作为贸易大国和二氧化碳排放大国,面临着快速发展经济和保护环境的两难命题。在国际气候谈判中,来自美国等发达国家的压力越来越大,我们自身的发展需求也不容妥协。本文以中美贸易为研究对象,利用投入产出法,在考虑两国技术水平和能源利用水平差异的基础上,计算了2000—2009年两国的贸易污染指数,旨在为中国在气候谈判中坚持“共同但有区别责任”提供理论依据,利于中国在气候谈判中获得公平的减排目标,以及中国进一步发展低碳经济提供一定的理论基础。 As a large trading country and a major carbon dioxide emitter, China faces the dilemma of rapid economic development and environmental protection. In the international climate negotiations, the pressure from the developed countries such as the United States is increasing, and our own development needs can not be compromised. Taking the trade between China and the United States as the research object, this paper calculates the trade pollution index of the two countries from 2000 to 2009 on the basis of the input-output method and the technical level of the two countries, China’s adherence to “common but differentiated responsibilities ” provides the theoretical basis for China to achieve fair emission reduction targets in climate negotiations and to provide some theoretical basis for China to further develop its low-carbon economy.