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在近20年的时间里，我国居民的膳食结构发生了很大改变，居民口粮消费逐渐下降，饲料粮占粮食总量的比重逐年增加，同时居民对肉类消费稳定增长，特别是牛羊肉、禽肉和奶制品消费增长较快。居民膳食结构的改变要求传统的粮食种植结构做出相应的调整。紫花苜蓿作为优良的豆科牧草，不仅是畜牧业的发展保障，还可以起到肥土丰田的作用，在种植结构调整的背景下，从我国目前粮食安全现状与问题、食物安全面临的困境，阐述了在保障我国粮食安全的前提下，将紫花苜蓿纳入到现行的轮作系统的优势和存在问题，预见了可能存在的风险并给出解决措施。“,”In the recent over 20 years, food diatery structure for Chinese residents has changed greatly. Grain ration consumption on residents dietary is gradually declining, and the proportion of feed grain in the total food is increasing year by year. Residents?meat consumption is steadily growing, especially for beef, mutton, poutry and dairy products. Changes in residents’ dietary structure require the relative adjustment on China?s traditional grain planting structure. As a legume grass, Alfalfa can not only guarantee the development of animal husbandry, but also play an important role in soil improvement. Under the background of plant industry structure adjustment, from the present situation of food security in China and the plight facing food security, this paper expounded the advantages and existing problems of bring alfalfa into current crop rotation system in the premise of ensuring food security, and foreseed the possible risks, and also provided some solving measures.