关于公平与效率这一矛盾两极的对话由来已久 ,理论界也一直未停止过争论。邓小平南方谈话后 ,我们的改革实践更多地关注了效率 ,对公平的“兼顾”不太到位 ,基尼系数超过了国际警戒线 ,引发了社会躁动和不安。本文在直面社会分配不公现象的同时 ,从历史、现实、制度建设、改革代价等方面分析了其形成的原因 ,提出了维护社会公平“扩中、保低、调高”的基本思路 ,从而勾勒出了诸如“培育、孵化`发展极’ ,缩小地区差距”、“加快城市化进程 ,解决农民收入低问题”等具体措施 ,力图从经济学和社会学的角度“维护社会公平” ,达到公平与效率的统一。 The bipolar dialogue on fairness and efficiency has been protracted and theorists have not stopped arguing for a long time. After Deng Xiaoping talked about the South, our reform practice paid more attention to efficiency. We did not have a fair balance of consideration. The Gini coefficient exceeded the international warning line, triggering social agitation and restlessness. While facing the unfair distribution of social resources, this paper analyzes the reasons for its formation from the aspects of history, reality, system construction and reform cost, and puts forward the basic ideas of maintaining social fairness “expanding, keeping low and raising high” Out of such specific measures as “nurturing, incubating the development poles, narrowing the gap between regions,” “speeding up the urbanization process and solving the problem of low peasants’ income”, we tried to “maintain social fairness” and achieve fairness from the perspective of economics and sociology And the unity of efficiency.