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目的调查某中学1起流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情的感染来源、传播途径和危险因素,提出预防控制措施。方法按照病例定义开展病例搜索,采用描述性流行病学方法和病例对照研究方法进行分析。结果 2012年2月23日至3月25日,某中学共发生流行性腮腺炎病例24例,罹患率为0.91%(24/2 624);病例有班级聚集性,共有4个班出现病例,罹患率分别为1.9%~38.0%,班级罹患率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);罹患率最高的班级腮腺炎疫苗接种率仅为3.8%(2/53)。病例对照研究结果显示,接触病例(OR=6.90,95%CI为1.97~24.20)、与病例共同进餐(OR=5.37,95%CI为1.60~18.01)和同宿舍(OR=5.80,95%CI为1.72~19.58)均是发病的危险因素,而用洗手液或香皂洗手(OR=0.28,95%CI为0.09~0.94)是发病的保护因素。结论这是1起由班内病例引发的学校流行性腮腺炎暴发疫情,暴发原因可能是与病例密切接触和疫苗接种率低,建议加强学校晨午检制度,培养学生良好的卫生习惯,同时提高疫苗接种覆盖率。
Objective To investigate the origin, route of transmission and risk factors of infection in one outbreak of mumps in a middle school and put forward prevention and control measures. Methods The case search was carried out according to the definition of cases, and the methods of descriptive epidemiology and case control were used to analyze. Results From February 23 to March 25, 2012, a total of 24 mumps cases were found in a secondary school with an attack rate of 0.91% (24/2 624). There was a clustering of cases with a total of 4 classes of cases, The attack rates were 1.9% ~ 38.0% respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference in the attack rates among classes (P <0.01). The highest rate of mumps vaccination was only 3.8% (2/53). The results of case-control study showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups (OR = 6.90,95% CI 1.97-24.20), meal co-meal (OR = 5.37,95% CI 1.60-18.01) (1.72 ~ 19.58) were risk factors for the disease, while hand-washing with soap or soap (OR = 0.28,95% CI 0.09 ~ 0.94) is the protective factor. Conclusions This is an outbreak of mumps outbreak caused by a group of students. The outbreak may be due to close contact with the case and a low vaccination rate. It is proposed to strengthen the school morning afternoon examination system and develop good hygiene habits for students while improving Vaccination Coverage.