简谐运动在不考虑摩擦和其他阻力等因素的影响时,振动过程中系统的机械能守恒,所以不管是单摆还是弹簧振子在振动过程中振幅始终保持不变,这种振动称为无阻尼振动.然而,实际的振动总要受到阻力的影响,由于要克服阻力做功,振动系统的机械能不断减少.同时振动系统与周围介质相互作用,振动向外传播形成波,随着波的传播,系统的机械能不断减少,因此振幅也逐渐减小.这种振幅逐渐减小的振动叫做阻尼振动,阻尼振动的图象如图1所示. When the harmonic motion does not consider the influence of factors such as friction and other resistances, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved during the vibration. Therefore, whether it is a single pendulum or a spring oscillator, the amplitude will always remain unchanged during the vibration. This kind of vibration is called undamped vibration. However, the actual vibration is always affected by the resistance. Since the work force to overcome the resistance, the mechanical energy of the vibration system is continuously reduced. At the same time, the vibration system interacts with the surrounding medium, and the vibration propagates outward to form a wave. With the propagation of the wave, the system The mechanical energy is continuously reduced, so the amplitude is also gradually reduced. This kind of vibration with gradually decreasing amplitude is called damping vibration. The image of damping vibration is shown in Figure 1.