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本文的目的是结合我国具体情况研究工业区及城市雨水道设计雨量公式的推算方法,并为我国目前在雨水道设计中由于缺乏自记雨量计资料而引起的困难提供解决的途径,对于各种方法进行计算和讨论。本文首先讨论了小流域面积的降雨问题及雨水道设计对降雨资料的要求,然后根据统计方法对一些地区的自记雨量计资料进行整理,用适线法求取这些地区的雨量公式。根据雨水道设计的极限强度理论,降雨历时的范围选取了5至120分锺,因而在这些公式中求得的参数n值一般是介于0.45—0.65之间。这些公式的应用范围是降雨历时在5—120分钟之间,这对于一般的工业区及城市雨水道设计来说是可以符合要求的。本文的第三部分对苏联公用事业科学院、列宁格勒研究所提出的雨量公式作了推导和讨论,说明了公式q=20~n q_(20_(1+C log P)╱t~n是公式q=166.7(A+B log P)/t~n的一个特定形式。我们结合了我国具体情况求取了这个公式的参数,绘成等值线图供设计的应用,此外还提出了根据我国各地年降水量用这个公式计算设计雨量强度的方法,得到q_(20)=0.055·Hd_B~(0.75)。我们採用这个公式计算十三个城市的q_(20),和根据自记雨量计资料进行统计分析以求取的q_(20)的误差一般在10—20%。本文的第四部分对根据年降水量求取设计雨量强度的哥尔巴巧夫公式进行了计算,绘制了我国的α等值线图,我们对它在我国排水设计中的应用作了讨论。本文的第五部分提出了—些根据日降水量和小时降水量记录来求取雨水道设计雨量强度的方法。对于没有自记雨量计资料或资料记录年限很短的地区,可以利用相应于一定重现期的最大日降水量(h日)或最大小时降水量(h时)根据(h日)╱(t~(1-n))=A+B lg F公式或(h 时)╱(t~(1-n))=A+BlgF公式来求取公式中的参数A和B。我们还提出了採用q=60~n q_(60)(1+C log F)/t~n公式根据最大小时降水量以求取急雨强度,根据我们对于七个城市的资料的计算,探用修正系数K,和根据自记雨量计资料分析而求得的q_(60)值的误差的最大值是16.5%。显然,用统计方法把当地的自记雨量计资料加以整理分析以求取雨量公式,是计算雨水道设计雨量强度的比较完善的方法。但当我国目前很多工业基地亟待建设,自记雨量计资料不够,排水工程的设计迫切地要求对于缺乏自记雨量计资料的地区提出一些方法和设计依据,本文的一些成果或可满足这方面的一部分需要。但由于降雨资料记载年限的短暂,这些成果还有待于将来的补充和修正。我们在本文中对于各种方法所提出的一些问题,希望给排水工作者讨论。
The purpose of this paper is to study the calculation method of rain gauge formula for industrial district and urban stormwater in our country, and to provide a solution for the current difficulties in the design of stormwater channel due to the lack of data from rain gauge. Method to calculate and discuss. This paper first discusses the problem of rainfall in the small watershed and the requirements of rainfall information for the design of the stormwater. Then, according to the statistical method, the data of self-recording rain gauges in some areas are sorted out. According to the ultimate intensity theory of stormwater design, the range of rainfall duration is selected from 5 to 120 minutes, so the value of n obtained in these formulas is generally between 0.45-0.65. The applications of these formulas range from 5-120 minutes of rainfall, which is satisfactory for typical industrial areas and urban stormwater designs. The third part of this paper deduces and discusses the rainfall formula proposed by the Soviet Academy of Public Utilities and the Leningrad Institute, which shows that the formula q = 20 ~ n q - (20 + (1 + C log P) / t ~ q = 166.7 (A + B log P) / t ~ n. We combine the specific situation of our country to get the parameters of this formula and draw the contour map for the application of design. In addition, Using this formula to calculate the intensity of rainstorms, q_ (20) = 0.055 · Hd_B ~ (0.75) is calculated by using this formula. We use this formula to calculate the q_ (20) of thirteen cities, The error of q_ (20) for statistical analysis is generally 10-20% .The fourth part of this paper calculates the calculation formula of the amount of designed rainfall intensity according to annual rainfall, and draws the calculation of our country’s α contour map, we discuss its application in drainage design in our country.The fifth part of this paper presents some methods to calculate rainfall intensity of rainwater catchment according to daily precipitation and hourly precipitation record. There is no record of rain gauge data or data records in a very short area, may (H) / (t ~ (1-n)) = A + B lg F (h h) or maximum hourly precipitation (h h) (T ~ (1-n)) = A + BlgF formula to get the parameters in the formula A and B. We also proposed the use of q = 60 ~ n q 60 (1 + C log F) / According to the calculation of the data of seven cities, the correction factor K for exploration and the value of q_ (60) obtained from the analysis of data from rain gauges Of the maximum error is 16.5% Obviously, the use of statistical methods to local self-record rain gauge data to be calculated in order to calculate the rainfall formula is a relatively perfect method of calculating the intensity of rainwater harvesting design However, many of our current industry The construction of the base is urgent and there is not enough information on the rainfall meter. The design of the drainage project urgently requires some methods and design basis for the areas lacking the rainfall meter data. Some achievements in this paper may meet some needs in this area. However, The short duration of data records, these achievements have yet to be added and revised in the future.We in this article for all parties Some of the issues raised, water supply and drainage workers want to discuss.