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随着创新驱动发展战略提出,科技人力资源作为科技创新活动的载体受到更多重视。科技人力资源在创新活动中分为2类,以企业为代表的全面开发型与以高校和科研机构为代表的专职研究型,两类是否对科技创新绩效都产生影响以及影响的大小如何,决定着科技创新资源与政策资源的分配有效性。对中国除西藏外30个省市自治区2011—2014年的数据,使用固定效应模型进行分析,结果发现:(1)高校和科研机构的科技人力资源数量对科技创新绩效的促进作用更显著;(2)企业对科技创新绩效的促进主要体现在企业之间的相互竞争中;(3)科技创新绩效是“博采众长”的结果,而非仅依靠少数优秀研究人员;(4)政策引导对经济发达水平的区域具有正向作用。提出如下政策建议:(1)扩大科研人员队伍,加强高校和机构的队伍建设;(2)完善市场竞争机制,促进企业之间的良性竞争;(3)重视基层创新能力,激发“万众创新”的积极性;(4)适应各省发展特点,优化对科技创新活动的政策引导。
With the innovation-driven development strategy put forward, science and technology human resources have received more attention as carriers of scientific and technological innovation activities. Science and technology human resources in the innovation activities are divided into two categories, the enterprise-wide development and universities and research institutes represented by full-time research type, whether two types of science and technology innovation performance impact and the size of how the decision Effectiveness of Allocation of Resources for Science and Technology and Policy Resources. The data of China from 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in Tibet in 2011-2014 are analyzed using the fixed effect model. The results show that: (1) the number of scientific and technological human resources in colleges and universities and research institutes plays a more significant role in promoting the innovation performance of science and technology; 2) The promotion of the performance of science and technology innovation by enterprises is mainly reflected in the competition among enterprises; (3) The innovation performance of science and technology is the result of “absorbing talents” rather than relying only on a few outstanding researchers; (4) The economically developed regions have a positive effect. Put forward the following policy recommendations: (1) to expand the ranks of scientific research personnel and strengthen the team building of institutions of higher learning and institutions; (2) to improve the market competition mechanism and promote healthy competition among enterprises; (3) to attach importance to grassroots innovation ability and stimulate “universal innovation ”Enthusiasm; (4) to adapt to the development characteristics of the provinces, and optimize policy guidance for science and technology innovation activities.