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《痕迹》是美国印第安女作家露易斯·厄德里克的代表作之一。本文以后殖民生态批评为理论依托深入分析这部小说,指出《痕迹》揭示了当时的美国政府通过颁布《道斯土地分配法案》消解北美大陆和印第安文化的合法性,进而损毁当地原生生态结构的事实。此外,欧洲定居者借助推广先进文明的名义将当地的印第安人和印第安文化视为愚昧落后的存在,并利用宗教话语实行文化渗透,进而通过生态扩张推进其对美洲大陆的殖民扩张进程。本文最后指出厄德里克在《痕迹》中对欧洲定居者从生态扩张到政治文化扩张的隐秘殖民路径提出抨击,同时也展现了她深刻的生态关怀和种族意识。
Trace is one of the representative works by American Indian writer Louise Erdrich. Based on the postcolonial ecocriticism as a theoretical basis, this essay provides an in-depth analysis of the novel, pointing out that “traces” revealed the then U.S. government’s legitimacy to dissolve the North American continent and Indian culture through the promulgation of the “Dawus Land Allocation Act”, thereby damaging the local native ecological structure fact. In addition, European settlers, using the name of popularizing advanced civilization, regard Native Indians and Indian cultures as ignorant and backward. They use cultural discourse to infiltrate their religious discourse in order to promote their colonial expansion to the American continent through ecological expansion. Finally, the article points out that in his “Traces”, Erdrich attacked the stealthy colonial path of European settlers from ecological expansion to the expansion of political culture. At the same time, she also showed her deep ecological concern and ethnic consciousness.