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目的分析四川省高县流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)流行趋势,为有效控制流脑暴发和流行及探索经济有效的预防控制策略提供流行病学依据。方法对高县流脑发病数和死亡数报告资料进行统计整理,采用描述性流行病学分析。结果 1976-2013年共报告流脑2 066例,死亡病例57例,年均发病率、死亡率和病死率分别为11.60/10万、0.32/10万和2.76%,发病率经趋势卡方检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=2916.60,P<0.01);全县19个乡镇均有流脑发病,发病居前3位的乡镇是文江、庆符和罗场,构成比分别为46.22%、16.99%和5.61%;2-4月是发病高峰,占病例总数的75.99%;发病率居前3位的是0~4岁、5~9岁和10~14岁年龄组,分别为21.70/10万、58.75/10万和34.24/10万;男女病例性别比1.25:1,农民发病最多,占病例总数的58.13%,其次为学龄前儿童占病例总数的19.80%。结论高县流脑发病率呈明显下降趋势,但仍存在流行的隐患。发病具有明显的季节性,15岁以下年龄段是高危人群,提高儿童流脑疫苗的有效接种率是控制流行的关键。
Objective To analyze epidemiological trend of meningococcal meningitis (meningitis) in high counties of Sichuan Province and provide epidemiological evidence for effective control of outbreak and epidemic of meningococci and to explore cost-effective prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of morbidity and mortality in high counties were statistically analyzed, and the descriptive epidemiological analysis was used. Results A total of 2 066 cases of meningitis and 57 deaths were reported from 1976 to 2013. The average annual morbidity, mortality and mortality were 11.60 / 100 000, 0.32 / 100 000 and 2. 76% respectively. The incidence rate was analyzed by trend chi square test , The difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 2916.60, P <0.01); all 19 towns and townships have meningococcal disease, the incidence of the top three towns are the Wenjiang, Qingfu and Luo field, the constituent ratios were 46.22% 16.99% and 5.11% respectively. The peak incidence was from February to April, accounting for 75.99% of the total cases. The top three incidence rates were 0-4 years old, 5-9 years old and 10-14 years old groups, which were 21.70 / 100000, 58.75 / 100000 and 34.24 / 100000 respectively. The sex ratio of men and women was 1.25: 1. The incidence of peasants was the highest, accounting for 58.13% of the total cases, followed by preschool children accounted for 19.80% of the total cases. Conclusions The incidence of meningitis in Gaoxian County shows a significant downward trend, but there are still hidden dangers of epidemic. The incidence of obvious seasonal, under the age of 15 is a high risk population, improve the effective vaccination rate of children’s meningococcal vaccine is the key to controlling the epidemic.