The Ionization Potential (IP) is qualitatively de ned as the amount of energy to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom to form a ca
In 2015, the Atomic & Molecular Spectroscopy Group made progress on electron beam guiding, data analysis of highly charged ions with atoms collisions, and prepa
Ultracold plasma has well defined initial conditions, including the particle densities of more than 105 cm??3 as well as the electron temperature in the range o