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目的了解中国(未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同)甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)爆发的人群、地区分布和感染途径等,为制定甲肝疫苗免疫程序提供甲肝爆发的流行病学资料。方法以甲肝、爆发为检索词,检索1993~2007年11月中国医院知识库(CHKD)期刊全文数据库,CHKD博、硕士学位论文全文数据库,CHKD会议论文全文数据库。结果检索到相关文献138篇。甲肝爆发疫情西部>中部>东部。97起甲肝爆发中,有68起发生在乡(镇)及以下的农村,县级及以上的城市发生甲肝爆发25起;明确发生在学校的甲肝爆发63起。全年均有甲肝爆发,61起发生在4~6、9、10月份,随着年代的推移甲肝爆发的持续周期缩短。急性甲肝患者均可检测到抗甲肝病毒的IgM抗体。结论中国甲肝爆发时有发生,流行强度农村高于城市,爆发主要发生在学校,应加强对甲肝爆发的预防控制。
Objective To understand the population, geographical distribution and route of infection of hepatitis A (hepatitis A) in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan, the same below), to provide epidemiology of hepatitis A virus in order to develop hepatitis A vaccine immunization program data. Methods Hepatitis A and eruption were used as a search term to search the Chinese Journal of Hospital Knowledge (CHKD) periodical full - text database, CHKD, Master ’s thesis dissertation database and CHKD conference dissertation full - text database from 1993 to 2007. Results There were 138 articles retrieved. Outbreak of hepatitis A Western> Central> Eastern. Of the 97 cases of hepatitis A outbreak, 68 occurred in rural areas at or below the township level, with 25 cases of an outbreak of hepatitis A and 63 cases of an outbreak of hepatitis A clear at schools. Hepatitis A outbreak occurred throughout the year, 61 occurred in 4 to 6, 9, October, with the passage of time duration of hepatitis A shorten the duration of the outbreak. Acute hepatitis A patients can detect anti-hepatitis virus IgM antibodies. Conclusions The outbreak of hepatitis A in China occurs from time to time. The epidemic intensity is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. The outbreak mainly occurs in schools. Prevention and control of hepatitis A outbreak should be strengthened.