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通过5种灌水处理模式和对照旱地油葵田间试验,探讨了灌水模式对油葵耗水量、产量、水分利用效率以及经济收入的影响。结果表明,油葵出盘前和灌浆后耗水量比其他时段多50%以上。在油葵不同生育阶段耗水量随着灌水量增加而增加;灌水定额120 mm,灌两次水的灌水模式的产量最高,为2 268 kg/hm2,而水分利用效率最大值出现在灌水定额66 mm的灌水模式,灌水量增加反而使水分利用效率下降。经济分析结果表明,纯收入最高值出现在灌水模式93 mm灌二水的处理,为2 871元/hm2,灌水定额增加或减少均导致经济收入下降。统计分析结果表明,干旱年份(全生育期有效降水量123 mm)灌二水时,为了兼顾产量、水分利用效率以及经济收入,油葵最佳总灌水量以208~218 mm为宜。全生育期有效降水量超过350 mm的丰水年份不应该再灌水。
The effects of irrigation modes on water consumption, yield, water use efficiency and economic income of sunflower were studied by five irrigation treatments and field experiments on sunflower. The results showed that oil flow before and after grouting more water than other periods more than 50%. The water consumption of oil sunflower at different growth stages increased with the increase of irrigation water. The highest water use efficiency was 2 268 kg / hm2 when the irrigation water was 120 mm and the irrigation twice was the highest, while the highest water use efficiency appeared at irrigation quota 66 mm irrigation mode, the amount of irrigation but to reduce water use efficiency. The result of economic analysis shows that the highest net income appears in the irrigation mode of 93 mm Irrigation, which is 2,871 yuan / hm2. The increase or decrease of irrigation quota leads to the decrease of economic income. The results of statistical analysis showed that the optimal total irrigation amount of oil sunflower was 208 ~ 218 mm in order to balance the yield, water use efficiency and economic income in dry years (effective precipitation during the whole growth period was 123 mm). In wet years with an effective rainfall of more than 350 mm during the whole growth period, irrigation should not be repeated.