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本文通过对上古中期的五种文献中的禅母系疑问代词“孰”和“谁”进行分析,指出:在《论语》《孟子》中“孰/谁”指示人或人的集团时,“孰”只作主语不作宾语,而“谁”主要作宾语很少作主语,由此显示出了在句法分佈上的互补现象。因此可以推定,在该句型中“孰”和“谁”的交替起着格表示的功能。在此基础上,对此互补现象的生成过程及其机制,提出以下假说:在《论语》《孟子》中所见到的“孰”和“谁”的交替的格表示是,在上古初期以後由其在话语层面上的交替而演变成句法层面上的交替的结果。这种格表示在共时平面上可以视为一种suppletion,不可能是原始汉语中存在过的格变化的遗留。
This article analyzes the interrogative pronoun “Which ” and “who ” of the Zen Buddhism in the middle of ancient times, and points out that in the Analects of Confucius Mencius indicates who or who , The “subject” only serves as the subject without making an object, whereas the “person” mainly seldom serves as the object, thus showing the complementary phenomenon in the syntactic distribution. Therefore, it can be presumed that the alternation of “” and “who ” in the sentence pattern functions as a lattice. On this basis, we propose the following hypothesis about the formation process and mechanism of this complementary phenomenon: the alternation of “” and “who ” seen in Mencius in the Analects shows that, After the early Middle Ages, its alternation on the level of discourse evolved into a syntactic level of alternating results. This type of representation can be considered as a suppletion on the synchronic plane and can not be the legacy of the variation in lattice that existed in the original Chinese.