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以超级杂交早稻品种淦鑫203为材料,以叶面喷清水为对照(CK),设置0.1%(P1)、0.3%(P3)和0.5%(P5)3个浓度的磷酸二氢钾以及撒施草木灰(MH)处理,研究了双季早稻幼穗分化期遭遇低温条件下喷施磷钾肥对水稻叶温、产量和生理特性的影响.结果表明:低温期间6:00—18:00所有时间段,喷施磷酸二氢钾和草木灰的稻株叶片温度均高于CK;低温胁迫下各处理稻株叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均逐渐降低,以P3处理降低幅度最小;各处理抗氧化酶活性产生不同程度的变化,P3处理的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性上升幅度均高于其余处理,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性降低幅度低于其余处理;低温处理结束后,以CK处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量最高;低温胁迫下喷施磷酸二氢钾和草木灰处理均能不同程度提高植株干物质积累,达到减缓产量降低的效果,其中以P3处理最佳;从产量结构上看,各处理较CK每穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重均有明显改善.叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾是增强双季超级杂交早稻幼穗分化期低温抵御能力的较为实用的农艺措施.
Taking Ganxin 203, a super hybrid early rice variety, as the CK, three concentrations of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.1% (P1), 0.3% (P3) and 0.5% The effects of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on leaf temperature, yield and physiological characteristics of rice in double cropping young rice at early stage of panicle differentiation under low temperature were studied.The results showed that all the time at low temperature during 6: 00-18: 00 The leaf temperature of rice plants sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ash was higher than that of CK. The leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate decreased gradually under low temperature stress, and decreased with P3 treatment. The activities of antioxidant enzymes The activities of SOD and POD increased with the increase of P3 treatment, but the decrease of CAT activity was lower than that of the other treatments ; After the low temperature treatment, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was the highest under CK treatment; spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ash treatment could improve the plant dry matter accumulation to a certain extent and reduce the effect of reducing the yield under the condition of low temperature stress P3 treatment best; from the output structure point of view, the treatment of more C K per spike had a significant improvement on total grain number, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight per plant.The foliar application of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was a more practical agronomic measure to enhance the low temperature resistance of young double-cropping super hybrid rice during its differentiation.