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70年代以来,利用微生物防治农林害虫的技术,在实践中收到了比较理想的效果,从而引起了愈来愈多的研究者重视。目前已经了解到自然界中有1500种微生物或微生物的代谢产物具有杀虫特性。与大量应用的化学农药相比,利用微生物治虫有利于减少农药对土壤和环境的污染,对人畜健康无不良影响,对作用对象害虫不会产生抗药性,对某些害虫的防治效果还远超于化学农药的防治水平。目前世界上用于防治农林害虫的微生物主要有真菌、细菌、病毒及原生动物、昆虫致病线虫等。现将其研究与利用的情况概述如下。
Since the 1970s, the use of micro-organisms to control pests in agriculture and forestry technology has received satisfactory results in practice, which has attracted more and more researchers’ attention. It is now known that 1500 species of microorganisms or microbial metabolites in nature have insecticidal properties. Compared with a large number of applied chemical pesticides, the use of microbial pest control helps reduce the pollution of pesticides to the soil and the environment, and has no adverse effect on the health of human beings and animals, and does not produce drug resistance to the pests of the target animals. The control effect on some pests is far more effective Prevention and treatment of chemical pesticides. At present, the microorganisms used for controlling agricultural and forestry pests in the world mainly include fungi, bacteria, viruses and protozoa, insect-caused nematodes and the like. Now its research and utilization of the situation are summarized below.