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本文从10个领域分别展开中国和美国在《2016研究前沿》100个热点前沿和80个新兴前沿的参与和表现情况的比较分析,以期较为全面地掌握中国与美国的差距和优势。结果显示,在数学、计算机科学和工程以及化学与材料科学领域,中国在贡献度和引领度以及卓越前沿表现视角上均超过美国。在农业、植物学和动物学领域、物理领域、生态与环境科学领域和生物科学领域,中国也都有若干前沿跻身世界先进行列。但在地球科学、天文学和天体物理学领域中国缺少贡献度和引领度等各项指标都表现突出的前沿。在临床医学、天文学与天体物理学领域和经济学、心理学以及其他社会科学领域中国参与和有所表现的前沿覆盖范围较小。
This article analyzes comparatively the participation and performance of China and the United States in 100 hot frontiers and 80 emerging frontiers in the “research front of 2016” in 10 fields in order to grasp the gap and superiority between China and the United States more fully. The results show that China surpassed the United States in terms of contribution and leadership as well as outstanding frontier performance in mathematics, computer science and engineering, and chemistry and materials science. In the fields of agriculture, botany and zoology, physics, ecology and environmental sciences and biosciences, China also has several frontier ranks in the world's advanced ranks. However, in the fields of geosciences, astronomy and astrophysics, the lack of contribution and leading indicators in China all show prominent frontiers. The forefront coverage of China's participation and performance in the fields of clinical medicine, astronomy and astrophysics and economics, psychology and other social sciences is relatively small.