The brachial plexus is the web connection center for connecting the limb effector to motor neurons of the brain and anterior h of the spinal cord.Brachial plexus injury can result in disability,typically known as upper limb paralysis.Through the 1960s,brachial plexus injury remained an incurable disease.With advances in medical technology and the application of extraplexal nerve transfer,the therapeutic efficacy of brachial plexus root avulsion had gradually improved.In particular,the use of a contralateral C7 nerve root transfer,created by Gu et al.(1989) brought a novel and effective treatment for brachial plexus avulsion.After unremitting efforts for more than half a century,there is much improvement in the recovery of shoulder and elbow joint function (Dy et al.,2015).Muscle strength of the deltoid muscle in 82.9％ of patients,the biceps brachii in 85.4％ of patients,and the clavicular head of the pectoralis major in 92.7％ of patients has reached grades 3-4,although there are still many problems to be solved regarding recovery of hand function (Wang et al.,2013).Even if the muscle strength of the hand recovers to grade 3 or greater,the hand remains handicapped with regard to voluntary movement,which greatly affects daily life.The current techniques used for reconstruction of hand function are not very successful following brachial plexus injury,in particular with complete brachial plexus or middle and inferior trunk,or inferior trunk avulsion injury.