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中国乡土小说发轫于“五四”新文学运动之后,孕育这一类型文学作品的重要文化氛围就是接受了西方文化的一代人重新开始审视中国的乡土社会。他们怀着“哀其不幸,怒其不争”的复杂情感来描写曾经养育过自己的故乡,在鲁迅、沈从文等人的笔下出现的浙东和湘西社会以前所未有的视觉冲击和情感魅力荡涤着中国人的心灵世界。进入到20世纪80年代之后,中国的乡村社会发生的前所未有的变化使得传统乡土小说赖以存继的文化空间不复存在,从而直接催生了新乡土小说的诞生。呈现在我们面前的小说《鲶鱼》就是这样一部描写新时代农村社会的作品。
After the development of Chinese local novels, the important cultural atmosphere that gave birth to this type of literary work was that a generation who had accepted Western culture began to re-examine China’s native society. They depict the complex emotions of “grieving their unfortunate anger and provoking an indignity” to describe the unprecedented visual impact and emotional glamor of East Zhejiang and Western Hunan societies that have been nurtured in their own hometown and appeared in the writings of Lu Xun and Shen Congwen, The Chinese spiritual world. Since the 1980s, the unprecedented changes in the rural society in China have made the cultural space where traditional local novels survive, which directly led to the birth of new local novels. The novel Catfish, which is presented to us, is such a work that portrays the rural society in a new era.