随着学龄儿童感染性和营养性疾病发生率不断下降,其睡眠和行为问题日益突出并受到关注。该文简要描述了睡眠生理、儿童睡眠障碍的定义、分类及发生情况,并综述影响学龄儿童睡眠的相关环境因素及其可能机制,为改善学龄儿童睡眠状况、制定相应策略提供依据。 With the declining incidence of infectious and nutritional diseases among school-age children, their sleep and behavioral problems have become increasingly prominent and of concern. This paper briefly describes the definition, classification and occurrence of sleep physiology and childhood sleep disorders. It also summarizes the related environmental factors and their possible mechanisms that affect the sleep of school-age children, and provides evidences for improving the sleep conditions of school-age children and formulating appropriate strategies.