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传统老龄化方面的经济分析多基于宏观视角,相关研究存在着传导机制不清晰和研究结论不明确两大困境。家庭作为资产配置和人力资本投资的微观主体,无论从资本市场还是劳动力市场角度,老龄化都通过作用于微观家庭的消费、储蓄、资产选择、人力资本投资等决策,对资本积累、产业结构、金融市场和经济增长等宏观因素产生影响。基于微观家庭视角理清老龄化的影响机制是科学评价老龄化效应的关键,随微观数据可得性和数据质量的提高,家庭老龄化研究取得了一系列进展,体现了学科热点的转向。本文从老龄化条件下家庭储蓄、消费与资产配置,老龄化条件下家庭人力资本投资的代际合作机制,老龄化条件下家庭人力资本投资的代际竞争关系三方面梳理了微观家庭视角的老龄化研究动态,结合家庭老龄化的理论内涵与我国文化与制度背景提出了家庭老龄化研究的方向和建议。
The traditional analysis of economic aspects of aging based more on macro perspectives, the relevant research there are two major difficulties of the transmission mechanism is not clear and the conclusions of the study is not clear. As a microcosmic entity of asset allocation and human capital investment, the family takes the policy of consumption, saving, asset selection and human capital investment in the micro-household in terms of both capital market and labor market, and analyzes the accumulation of capital, industrial structure, Financial markets and economic growth and other macro-factors have an impact. To clarify the mechanism of aging on the basis of micro-family perspective is the key to scientifically evaluate the effect of aging. With the availability of micro-data and the improvement of data quality, a series of progresses have been made in the study of family aging, which reflects the shift of hot topics in the discipline. This paper reviews the micro-family perspective of aging from three aspects of family savings, consumption and asset allocation, intergenerational cooperation mechanism of family human capital investment under the condition of aging and intergenerational competition of family human capital investment under the condition of aging. Research trends, combined with the theoretical content of family aging and the background of our culture and system proposed the direction and recommendations of the study of family aging.