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目的比较我国不同地区间学龄前儿童铅暴露相关行为模式及影响因素的差异,为IEUBKwin模型在我国应用提供数据基础。方法采用典型地区整群抽样的方法,对西北(甘肃天水、陕西西安)和华东(江苏扬州、浙江湖州)2个地区的5个幼儿园中3~6岁儿童家长问卷调查。结果华东地区被调查学龄前儿童每天户外活动时间长于西北地区学龄前儿童(χ2=102.315,P<0.001);不同年龄组儿童每天户外活动时间差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.798,P<0.001),大体呈儿童年龄越大室外活动时间越长的趋势;男童啃咬手指或其他物品情况较女童严重(χ2=4.724,P=0.032);华东地区被调查学龄前儿童饮用奶或奶制品的习惯好于西北地区(χ2=228.362,P<0.001);西北地区被调查学龄前儿童吃膨化食品的习惯较华东地区严重(χ2=7.739,P=0.005);在华北地区和西北地区间,华东地区被调查学龄前儿童补钙情况好于西北地区(χ2=5.316,P=0.022);家庭成员年收入不同,儿童补钙习惯也不全相同,其中以家庭成员年收入≥5万元的儿童中有补钙习惯的儿童所占比例最高。结论本研究所涉及的学龄前儿童铅暴露相关行为模式具有明显的地域性特点,在华东与西北地区间存在较明显差异,IEUBKwin模型在这两个地区使用时,不适宜使用同一套模型参数。
Objective To compare the differences of lead exposure behavior patterns among preschool children in different regions of China and their influencing factors, and to provide a data foundation for the application of IEUBKwin model in China. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to survey the parents of children aged 3 ~ 6 in 5 kindergartens in two regions: Northwest (Tianshui, Gansu, Shaanxi Province, Xi’an) and East China (Yangzhou, Zhejiang Province, Huzhou). Results The outdoor activities of preschoolers surveyed in East China were longer than those of preschool children in Northwest China (χ2 = 102.315, P <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in daily outdoor activities between children of different age groups (χ2 = 34.798, P <0.001) (Χ2 = 4.724, P = 0.032). In East China, preschool children were investigated for drinking milk or milk products (Χ2 = 228.362, P <0.001). The habits of preschool children in the Northwest China who eat puffed food were worse than that in East China (χ2 = 7.739, P = 0.005). In North China and Northwest China, The survey of calcium in preschool children in the region was better than that in the northwest (χ2 = 5.316, P = 0.022). The annual income of family members was different, and the children’s calcium supplement habits were not all the same. Among them, The highest proportion of children have calcium habit. Conclusions The lead exposure behavior pattern of pre-school children in this study has obvious regional characteristics. There are obvious differences between East China and Northwest China. When IEUBKwin model is used in these two regions, it is unsuitable to use the same set of model parameters.