单晶硅球密度的绝对测量是阿伏加德罗常数测量的关键技术,是目前国际热点研究领域.本文综述了包括我国在内的国际单晶硅球密度测量的最新进展,涉及硅球密度测量的技术原理、测量领域、影响因素、测量装置及最佳测量能力等,分析了硅球密度测量的主要难点和关键技术,预测了相关研究的技术前景及发展趋势. The absolute measurement of single crystal silicon ball density is the key technology of Avogadro constant measurement, which is the current hot research field in the world.This paper reviews the recent progress of the international single crystal silicon ball density measurement including our country, The technical principle of measurement, the field of measurement, the influencing factors, the measuring device and the best measurement ability, the main difficulties and key technologies of the density measurement of the silicon ball are analyzed, and the technical foreground and development trend of the related research are predicted.