依据Pallo方法对土壤腐殖质进行分组,初步研究了黑土田间定位施用有机肥、化肥及有机肥配施化肥对各组分数量与特性的影响。结果表明:通常化肥不会对土壤腐殖质各组分的数量与特性产生明显影响。施用有机肥使各组分的数量明显增加;同时,施用有机肥使各组分的分子结构变得简单化。从有利于提高土壤肥力和作物产量的角度来看,施肥应采用有机无机肥配合施用,在配施化肥条件下可以适当提高有机肥的用量。 According to the Pallo method, the humus composition of soil was studied. The effects of applying organic fertilizer in the black soil field and chemical fertilizer on the quantity and characteristics of each component were studied. The results showed that, generally, fertilizers did not significantly affect the quantity and characteristics of soil humus constituents. The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased the quantity of each component; at the same time, the application of organic fertilizer simplified the molecular structure of each component. From the point of view of improving soil fertility and crop yield, fertilizers should be applied in combination with organic and inorganic fertilizers, and the amount of organic manure can be appropriately increased under the condition of fertilizers applied.