引言坦桑尼亚的海岸带是一条沿着本土海岸的狭长地带,它包括三个岛屿,即奔巴岛、桑给巴尔岛和马菲亚岛。海岸的高原以厚的沉积岩为特征,断层大致呈南北方向。晚期地壳构造的发育影响了现在陆上和海内的地貌。桑给巴尔海峡的长度大约为120km,宽约35km(图1)。海峡底部以水的深度浅(10～50m)为特征,具有延伸的沙洲和有礁结构的小珊瑚台地。孤立的小礁石结构(块礁)也是常见的。该海峡一 Introduction The Tanzanian coastline is a narrow strip of land along the coast of the country that includes three islands, Pemba, Zanzibar and Mafia. The high plateau of the coast is characterized by thick sedimentary rocks with a general north-south fault. The development of the late crustal structure has affected the landform on the land and sea now. The Zanzibar Strait is about 120km long and 35km wide (Figure 1). The bottom of the channel is characterized by shallow depth of water (10 ~ 50m), with extended sandbanks and small reef platforms with reef structures. Isolated small reef structure (block reef) is also common. The Strait one