新疆气候干燥,雨水很少,特别是东疆和南疆地区更是干旱少雨,对农作物生长非常不利。各族人民在长期与干旱斗争中,修建了世界闻名的“坎儿井”灌溉工程。坎儿井主要分布在吐鲁番、哈密和木垒等盆地之中。其中以吐鲁番盆地为最多、最富有代表性。它是一种特殊的灌溉系统,分别由地面渠、地下渠、涝坝三大部分组成。在高山峡谷地带的雪水潜流处,寻其水源,并在一定间隔上打竖井,井深十至几十米不等,将地下水汇聚,以增大水势,再依地势高下,在井底修成暗渠,沟通各 Xinjiang has a dry climate and few rainwater. Especially in the areas of eastern and southern Xinjiang, it is more arid and less humid, which is very detrimental to the growth of crops. In the long struggle against drought, the people of all ethnic groups built the world famous “Karez” irrigation project. Karez wells are mainly distributed in Turpan, Hami and Mulei basins. Among them, the Turpan Basin is the largest and the most representative. It is a special irrigation system, which is composed of three parts: surface canal, underground canal and flood dam respectively. In the alpine valley of snow water submarine flow, to find its source of water, and at intervals of vertical shaft, depth ranging from 10 to tens of meters, the convergence of groundwater to increase the water potential, and then top down, repair in the bottom Underdrain, communicate each