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由于职业原因,农业从业人员会在劳动中接触大量、不同种类的农药,关于农药对农业从业人员的健康危害已经有大量的报道。因为缺乏适当的预防措施,在这些危害健康的疾病中,呼吸道和皮肤的过敏性疾病,尤其是接触性皮肤炎,已成为最严重的问题。但目前这种系统的、综合的预防体系还没有建立。为此,我们研究农药引起过敏性疾病的病因学和预防医学。主要的研究方法是使用吸入激惹试验对速发性过敏性疾病进行研究,使用贴附试验和豚鼠最大量实验对迟发性过敏性疾病进行研究,现在发展到使用细胞培养。目前,我们试图建立一种系统、综合和连续的预防体系对于发现农药对农业从业人员致敏因素和建立适当的控制措施。根据我们的研究结果, 我们的预防体系包括以下6个步骤:通过专业采样调查发现可疑的致敏化学物质和工作环境因素;对致敏化学物质进行文献检索,查找有无致敏作用的相关报道;对致敏因素的可靠性进行证实;如果没有可疑化学物质致敏的相关文献报道,就通过实验研究证实可疑化学物质的致敏作用和机制;建立对农业从业人员工作环境的保护体系。最后,我们希望通过建立区域性的过敏和免疫中心,以便能有效地管理上述的预防体系。
Due to occupational reasons, agricultural practitioners will be exposed to a large number of different types of pesticides in their workforce. There have been a large number of reports on the health hazards of pesticides to agricultural practitioners. Allergic diseases of the respiratory tract and skin, especially contact dermatitis, have become the most serious problems among these health-threatening diseases due to the lack of proper precautions. However, this systematic and comprehensive prevention system has not been established yet. To this end, we study the etiology and preventive medicine of allergic diseases caused by pesticides. The main research method is the use of inhalation and irritation tests for the study of immediate-onset hypersensitivity disorders. Studies of delayed-onset allergic diseases using patch tests and guinea pig maximal experiments are now being developed using cell culture. At present, we are trying to establish a systematic, comprehensive and continuous prevention system to find out the allergenic factors of pesticide to agricultural workers and to establish appropriate control measures. Based on our findings, our prevention system consists of the following six steps: Identifying suspicious allergen and working environment factors through professional sampling surveys; conducting a literature search of allergenic chemicals to find out the presence or absence of sensitization ; To verify the reliability of allergens; If there is no suspicious chemical sensitization of the relevant literature reports, through experimental studies confirmed the sensitization of suspicious chemicals and mechanisms; To establish a protective system for the working environment of agricultural practitioners. Finally, we hope that through the establishment of regional centers for allergies and immunization, we will be able to effectively manage the above prevention system.