Mesoxzoic(125 Ma) Fangcheng basalts from Shandong Province contain clearly zoned olivines that are rare in terrestrial samples and provide first evidence for the replacement of lithospheric mantle from high-Mg peridotites to low-Mg peridotites through peridotite-melt reaction. Zoned olivines have compostions in the core(Mg#=87.2-90.7)similar to those olivines from the mantle peridotitic xenoliths entrained in Cenozoic basalts from the North China craton and in the rim (Mg#=76.8-83.9)close to olivine phenocrysts of the host basalts (75.7-79.0).These compositional features as well as rounded crystal shapes and smaller grain sizes (300-800μm)demonstrate that these zoned olivines are mantle xenocrysts ,I.e.an important type of the replacement of lithospheric mantle.The reaction resulted in the transformation of the Paleozoic refractory (high-Mg)peridotites to the late Mesozoic fertile (low-Mg) and radiogenic isotope-enriched peridotites,leading to the loss of old lithospheric mantle.