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一、新的探究路线(一)态度的变化在几十年前,现代技术为文明所作的贡献,总的说来还是受到人们热情的承认的。因而,也就没有对技术哲学问题探讨的实际需要。当然,虽也有例外情况,但未引起人们关注。直到二次大战,在艺术家和诗人的直观理解中比在哲学家的理性思维中更多地表现出对现代技术的关注。工业革命以来持续的技术进步似乎证实了人支配自然的理性主义观念和启蒙时代的乐观主义。近来,这一信念正受到严重挑战,从而也就引起了“增长的极限”的意识与持续增长的传统的观念之间的对立。资源短缺、生态问题和军备竞赛激起了一股愤懑情绪,导致人们对现代技术的猛烈抨击。前不久还被当作救世主来赞颂的同一类型的科学技术,如今却被视若一切人间邪恶的替罪羊。
I. A New Inquiry Route 1. Changes in Attitudes The contributions made by modern technology to civilization decades ago were still enthusiastically acknowledged by people. Therefore, there is no practical need to explore the issue of technical philosophy. Of course, although there are exceptions, it has not drawn any attention. Until the Second World War, more attention was drawn to modern technology than the intuitive understanding of artists and poets over philosophers' rational thinking. The continuous technological progress since the Industrial Revolution seems to confirm the rationalist conception of nature and the optimism of the Enlightenment. Recently, this belief is being seriously challenged, thus creating the antagonism between the notion of “the limit of growth” and the traditional concept of sustained growth. The scarcity of resources, ecological problems and the arms race have provoked anger and angst, leading to a violent attack on modern technology. The same type of science and technology that was praised before shortly as a savior is now regarded as a scapegoat for all human evil.