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目的了解南京市城乡居民健康素养现状,为卫生行政部门制定健康教育与健康促进政策提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取南京市5 475名15~69周岁的城乡常住居民,采用全国健康素养监测调查问卷进行问卷调查。结果共收回有效问卷5 404份,有效率为98.70%。调查对象的总体健康素养具备率为13.02%(639人),其中健康知识和理念素养、健康生活方式与行为素养、基本技能素养具备率分别为14.43%(716人)、18.21%(849人)和19.2%(957人);6类健康问题素养具备率由高到低分别为:安全与急救素养55.41%(2 779人),科学健康观素养40.48%(1 999人),健康信息获取素养21.42%(1 070人),传染病防治素养20.57%(919人),基本医疗素养12.50%(585人),慢性病防治素养9.02%(404人)。结论南京市城乡居民健康素养水平较低,仍需持续开展重点人群健康教育与健康促进,以提高城乡居民健康素养水平。
Objective To understand the status quo of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Nanjing and provide the basis for health administrations to formulate health education and health promotion policies. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to collect 5,475 urban and rural residents living in urban and rural areas of 15-69 years old in Nanjing. The survey was conducted by using the national health literacy monitoring questionnaire. Results A total of 5 404 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with an effective rate of 98.70%. The prevalence of health literacy and ideological literacy, healthy lifestyles and behavioral literacy, and basic skills attainment rate of the respondents were 13.02% (639), 14.43% (716) and 18.21% (849) respectively, And 19.2% (957) respectively. The highest attainable rates of six kinds of health problems were as follows: 55.41% (2 779) for safety and first aid, 40.48% (1 999) for scientific outlook on health, 21.42% (1070), 20.57% (919) of infectious disease prevention and control, 12.50% (585) of basic medical literacy, and 9.02% (404) of chronic disease prevention and control literacy. Conclusions The level of health literacy of urban and rural residents in Nanjing is relatively low. Health education and health promotion of key populations still need to be continued so as to raise the level of health literacy of urban and rural residents.