赵紫阳总理在五届人大第四次会议上的政府工作报告中指出:“电的生产和建设,要因地制宜地发展火电和水电,逐步把重点放在水电上”。这一正确的指导方针,是从我国长期的电力建设实践概括出来的,是有充分根据的。任何改变这一指导方针的构思,都必须慎之又慎,否则就可能对我国电力建设的发展,带来不利的影响。 水火电的争论是一个长期存在的问题。一般认为,火电投资较少,工期较短,设备利用率较高,缺点是运行费用高,污染环境等等。水电则以清洁再生能源、成本低廉和大多具有综合利用效益等优点见长,缺点是工期较长,受枯水年影响较大等等。但是,由于出发点的 Premier Zhao Ziyang pointed out in his government work report at the Fourth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress: “The production and construction of electricity must be based on local conditions to develop thermal power and hydropower, and gradually focus on hydropower.” This correct guiding principle is summed up from the long-term practice of power construction in our country and is well-founded. Any change in the concept of this guideline must be done with caution, otherwise it may have an adverse effect on the development of China’s power construction. The debate over water and thermal power is a long-standing issue. Generally speaking, the investment in thermal power is less, the construction period is shorter, and the utilization rate of equipment is higher. The disadvantages are high operating costs, environmental pollution and so on. Hydropower has advantages in terms of clean renewable energy, low cost, and most of the advantages of comprehensive utilization. The disadvantages are long construction period and large impact on dry years. However, due to the starting point