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关于公有制如何与市场经济融合的探索,始终是中国市场化改革的主旋律。其中,最引人注目的是关于公有制实现形式的理论探讨与广泛的实践。但毋庸讳言,由于改革路径在很大程度上具有“摸着石头过河”的性质,关于公有制实现形式的实践过程,难免带有实用主义、功利主义的痕迹,并产生若干不利于公有制巩固与发展负面案例,也因此饱受诟病。理论与实践的发展表明,对于作为社会主义经济制度基本标识的公有制形式研究也应该细化。根据马克思主义政治经济学原理和中国的实践,公有制形式可以细分为存在形式、载体形式、实现形式三个层面。中国进入全面深化改革的新阶段以后,不仅要重视公有制的实现形式理论研究与实践探索,更要基于社会主义理念和原则,对公有制存在形式及其载体形式进行学理解释及实践检验,并把公有制存在形式、公有制载体形式、公有制的实现形式有机结合起来通盘加以考量,使之成为相互影响、相互制约,从而实现在改革中完善、发展社会主义公有制,让更多的经济社会发展成果为国民共享,实现共同富裕的目标。
The exploration of how public ownership merges with the market economy has always been the main theme of the marketization reform in China. Among them, the most notable is the theoretical discussion and extensive practice on the realization form of public ownership. However, it is needless to say that since the reform path has a large degree of “walking across the river with stones,” the practice of public ownership is inevitably accompanied by traces of pragmatism and utilitarianism, Consolidation and development of negative cases, it is therefore highly criticized. The development of theory and practice shows that the study of public ownership as a basic indicator of the socialist economic system should also be refined. According to the Marxist theory of political economy and practice in China, the public ownership form can be subdivided into three forms: existence form, carrier form and realization form. After China enters the new stage of deepening the reform in an all-round way, it not only needs to pay attention to the theoretical research and practical exploration of the realization form of public ownership, but also needs to explain and practice the existing forms and carrier forms of public ownership based on socialist concepts and principles. The form of existence, the carrier form of public ownership and the realization form of public ownership should be organically combined to make them all influence and mutual restraint so as to perfect and develop the socialist public ownership in the reform so that more economic and social development achievements will be shared by the people , Achieve the goal of common prosperity.