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目的:探究血同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与中国健康饮食指数（CHEI）总分及其条目分的关系。方法:研究对象来源于2017年4—9月在上海市松江区中山社区开展的复旦大学公共卫生学院华东区域自然人群队列研究。采用随机整群抽样的方法，从中山社区的18个居委会中简单随机抽取8个居委会（北门、白云、东外、花桥、蓝天一村、蓝天二村、蓝天四村和蓝天五村），纳入所抽取居委会所有符合标准的20~74岁且在上海居住半年以上的居民为研究对象，最终将调查信息完整的4 995名对象纳入研究。通过问卷调查、体格检查及生物样品的检测收集一般情况（年龄、性别、疾病史等）、生活方式（吸烟、饮酒、饮茶、体力活动等）、食物频率及血Hcy浓度等信息。采用多重线性回归模型分析血Hcy浓度与CHEI总分及其条目分的关联，采用多因素logistics回归模型分析高同型半胱氨酸血症（hHcy）与CHEI总分及其条目分?的关联。结果:4 995名研究对象的年龄为（56.72±9.72）岁；女性、初高中学历和高体力活动者分别占64.90%（3 241名）、50.80%（2 539名）、63.20%（3 157名）；血Hcy的浓度为（11.25±4.90）μmol/L，hHcy的总患病率为9.3%（467例）。多重线性回归模型分析结果显示，调整相关混杂因素后，研究对象血Hcy的浓度随着CHEI总分及水果类、奶类、海鲜类、禽类和蛋类条目分的增加而降低，但随着总谷物和薯类条目分的增加而增加。在男性中，血Hcy的水平随着海鲜类和禽类条目分的增加而降低［β（95%n CI）值分别为-0.343（-0.582， -0.102）、-0.225（-0.402， -0.046）］。而在女性中，除了海鲜类和禽类条目分，还发现CHEI总分及奶类、蛋类条目分的增加，血Hcy的水平随之减少［β（95%n CI）值分别为-0.130（-0.207， -0.052）、-0.091（-0.148， -0.034）、-0.016（-0.026， -0.007）、-0.069（-0.122， -0.016）、-0.087（-0.157， -0.017）］。多因素logistic回归模型分析结果显示，CHEI总分及奶类、海鲜类条目分越高的研究对象hHcy的患病风险越低［n OR（95%n CI）值分别为0.986（0.978， 0.995）、0.915（0.864， 0.969）、0.862（0.806， 0.922）］。在女性中，CHEI总分及奶类、海鲜类条目分越高者hHcy的患病风险越低［n OR（95%n CI）值分别为0.984（0.970， 0.999）、0.877（0.802， 0.958）、0.845（0.760， 0.941）］；而在男性中仅发现CHEI总分和海鲜类条目分越高者hHcy的患病风险越低［n OR（95%n CI）值分别为0.988（0.977， 0.998）、0.858（0.791， 0.930）］。n 结论:上海市松江区中山社区居民的膳食模式可影响自身血Hcy浓度及hHcy的患病风险。CHEI总分及水果类、奶类、海鲜类、禽类和蛋类条目分在降低血Hcy水平中起重要作用，其中CHEI总分及奶类和海鲜类条目分越高的居民hHcy的患病风险越小。“,”Objective:To explore the relationship between the level of blood homocysteine (Hcy) and the total score of Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) and its item score.Methods:The subjects were recruited from the East China Natural Population Cohort Study, led by the School of Public Health in Fudan University, which was conducted in Zhongshan Community, Songjiang District of Shanghai from April to September 2017. By using the cluster random sampling method, 8 neighborhood committees were randomly selected from 18 neighborhood committees in Zhongshan community (Beimen, Baiyun, Dongwai, Huaqiao, Lantian village 1, Lantian village 2, Lantian village 4, and Lantian village 5). All the residents who met the standard and had lived in Shanghai for more than half a year were selected as research subjects. 4 995 subjects with complete survey information were finally included in this study. General information (age, sex, disease history, etc.), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, tea drinking, physical activity, etc.), food frequency and blood Hcy concentration were collected through questionnaire survey, physical examination and biological sample detection. The multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between blood Hcy concentration and the total score of CHEI and its item score, and the multivariate logistics regression model was used to analyze the correlation between hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) and the total score of CHEI and its item score.Results:The age of the subjects was (56.72±9.72) years. The proportion of females, people with middle and high school education and high physical activity was 64.90% (3 241), 50.80% (2 539) and 63.20% (3 157), respectively. The blood Hcy concentration was (11.25±4.90) μmol/L, and the total prevalence of hHcy was 9.3% (467 cases). The results of multivariate linear regression showed that after adjusting for the relevant confounding factors, the blood Hcy concentration of subjects decreased with the increase of the total score of CHEI and the item score of fruit, milk, seafood, poultry and egg, but increased with the increase of the item score of total grain and tuber. In males, blood Hcy levels decreased with the increase of the item score of seafood and poultry [β (95%n CI) values were -0.343 (-0.582, -0.102) and -0.225 (-0.402, -0.046), respectively]. In females, the blood Hcy level decreased with the increase of the total score of CHEI and its item score of milk, egg, seafood and poultry [β (95%n CI) values were -0.130 (-0.207, -0.052), -0.091 (-0.148, -0.034), -0.016 (-0.026, -0.007), -0.069 (-0.122, -0.016), and -0.087 (-0.157, -0.017), respectively]. The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the higher the total score of CHEI and its item score of milk and seafood, the lower the risk of hHcy [n OR (95%n CI) value were 0.986 (0.978, 0.995), 0.915 (0.864, 0.969), and 0.862 (0.806, 0.922), respectively]. In females, the higher the total score of CHEI and its item score of milk and seafood, the lower the risk of hHcy [n OR (95%n CI) values were 0.984 (0.970, 0.999), 0.877 (0.802, 0.958), and 0.845 (0.760, 0.941), respectively]. In males, the higher the total score of CHEI and its item score of seafood, the lower the risk of hHcy [n OR (95%n CI) values were 0.988 (0.977, 0.998) and 0.858 (0.791, 0.930), respectively].n Conclusion:The dietary pattern of residents in Zhongshan Community, Songjiang District, Shanghai can affect their own blood Hcy concentration and the risk of hHcy. The total score of CHEI and the item score of fruit, milk, seafood, poultry and eggs play an important role in reducing the level of blood Hcy. The higher the total score of CHEI and the item score of milk and seafood, the lower the risk of hHcy.