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随着油气勘探开发新技术、新理论的不断发展和完善 ,近 2 0年来国外在深水区的油气勘探取得了引人注目的进展 ,如在南大西洋沿岸、墨西哥湾、北海、东南亚、以及澳大利亚西北大陆架诸盆地深水区都相继发现了一些大型油气田。然而 ,一个不容置辩的事实是 ,取得重大突破的区域主要是在被动边缘盆地的陆坡区及深海平原区。据不完全统计 ,在被动边缘盆地中已发现石油储量 60 0× 10 8t ,天然气储量 2 1× 10 12 m3;而主动大陆边缘仅找到 67× 10 8t的石油储量 ,天然气 1× 10 12 m3(不含前苏联地区的油气储量 ,据 1993年统计 )。文章是在收集了大量有关资料的基础上 ,对被动边缘盆地的石油地质条件 ,包括盆地的形成、演化和沉积充填模式、油气富集条件及含油气系统进行了较详细地阐述。其中着重分析了被动边缘盆地深水区形成大型和巨型油气田的基本要素 :( 1)不同演化阶段发育有多套烃源岩 ,包括断陷期湖相烃源岩—过渡期烃源岩—坳陷沉降期海相烃源岩 ;( 2 )裂谷盆地深水区坳陷层序中的浊积岩体发育形成及产状分布特征进行了详细讨论 ,同时还对我国南海北部陆坡深水区进行比较性讨论。指出珠江口盆地珠II坳陷及琼东南盆地中央裂陷带深水区属准被动边缘盆地 ,具有形成大油气田的基本地质条件 ,将是我国深水?
With the continuous development and improvement of new technologies and theories in oil and gas exploration and development, remarkable progress has been made in the exploration of oil and gas abroad in the deepwater areas in the recent 20 years, such as in the South Atlantic coast, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, Southeast Asia and Australia Some large-scale oil and gas fields have been discovered successively in the deep-water regions of the Northwest continental shelf basins. However, one indisputable fact is that major breakthrough areas are mainly in the passive marginal basin slope areas and deep-sea plain areas. According to incomplete statistics, 60 0 × 10 8 t of oil reserves and 2 1 × 10 12 m 3 of natural gas have been found in the passive margin basins. Only 67 × 10 8 t of oil reserves and 1 × 10 12 m 3 of natural gas have been found on the active continental margin Excluding oil and gas reserves in the former Soviet Union, according to 1993 statistics). Based on a large amount of relevant data collected, the paper elaborates the petroleum geological conditions in the passive margin basins, including basin formation, evolution and sedimentary filling patterns, oil and gas accumulation conditions and hydrocarbon-bearing systems. The basic elements of forming large and giant oil and gas fields in deep-water areas of passive margin basins are analyzed emphatically: (1) There are several sets of source rocks developed in different evolution stages, including lacustrine hydrocarbon source rocks in rifting period, source rocks in transitional period Sedimentary marine source rock; (2) The development of turbidite bodies in the deep-water depression in the rift basin and the characteristics of their distribution are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the comparative analysis of the northern slope of South China Sea discuss. It is pointed out that Pearl II depression in Pearl River Mouth Basin and quasi-passive edge basin in the central rift zone of Qiongdongnan Basin have the basic geological conditions for forming large oil and gas fields and will be China’s deepwater?