目的探讨银川市区回、汉族学生的血脂差异,为不同民族儿童期预防心脑血管疾病提供基础数据。方法于2013年9月随机抽取银川市区3所小学,并采用分层整群抽样方法对7~12岁学生进行抽样。采集学生空腹静脉血,并测定其血脂四项即总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)。结果 1)本次调查1 403人,血脂异常检出率为28.2%,回、汉族血脂异常检出率分别为37.8%和24.6%,回族高于汉族,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);回、汉族学生血脂四项异常检出率中,LDL-C、HDL-C异常检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),回族高于汉族。2)同一性别不同民族血脂水平比较,男生除TG外其余三项血脂水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),回族TC和HDL-C水平低于汉族,而LDL-C水平高于汉族;女生四项血脂水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),回族TG、TC和HDL-C水平均低于汉族,而LDL-C水平高于汉族。3)同一民族不同性别比较中,除了汉族男、女学生的TG、HDL-C比较差异有统计学意义外(P<0.05),其余差异均无统计学意义。结论回、汉族学生血脂异常检出率存在差异,则该地区防治儿童血脂异常应考虑不同民族的遗传因素和生活方式的影响。 Objective To investigate the differences of blood lipids in Hui and Han students in Yinchuan urban area and provide the basic data for prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in different ethnic groups. Methods Three primary schools in Yinchuan urban area were randomly selected in September 2013, and stratified cluster sampling method was used to sample students aged 7-12 years. Fasting venous blood samples were collected from the students and their blood lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Results 1) The prevalence of dyslipidemia in 1 403 people in this survey was 28.2%, the prevalence of dyslipidemia in Hui and Han was 37.8% and 24.6%, respectively, and the Hui was higher than Han (P <0.01) (P <0.01). There was a significant difference in the detection rate of LDL-C and HDL-C among Hui and Han students among the four detection rates of abnormal blood lipids (P <0.01). 2) Compared with other national blood lipids in the same sex, the levels of TC and HDL-C in boys were significantly lower than those in Han (P <0.01), while the levels of LDL-C in Han boys were higher than those in Han (P <0.05). The levels of TG, TC and HDL-C in Hui were significantly lower than those in Han, while the levels of LDL-C in Han were higher than those in Han. 3) In the same ethnic groups, the differences of TG and HDL-C between male and female students in Han nationality were statistically significant (P <0.05), while the other differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion There are differences in the detection rate of dyslipidemia between Hui and Han students, so the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in children in this area should consider the influence of genetic factors and life style of different ethnic groups.