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目的探讨农村学校防控突发公共卫生事件能力的评估方法。方法根据调查目的自行设计调查表格,采取问卷式和自填式方法进行现况调查,用综合评分法计算评估指数。结果学生健康知识与行为,中学生总合格率96.20%,10人不合格;小学生总合格率77.63%,66人不合格;中学生总合格率高于小学生(χ2=4.76,P<0.05);学校食品安全与饮用水,长沙县春华中学合格率为61.30%,显著低于桃江县桥头河中学合格率87.10%(χ2=6.78,P<0.05);长沙县春华小学合格率为74.2%,亦显著低于桃江县石牛江小学合格率87.10%(χ2=5.40,P<0.05);疫情报告相关知识,长沙县春华中学合格率40%,春华小学为80%。桃江县的中小学校合格率达到100%;学校综合卫生调查33个项目中合格率最低为长沙县春华中学68.18%,最高为桃江县中小学校均为75.56%,但四所学校之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.75,P>0.05);学校防控能力指数顺位,春华小学0.691,春华中学0.734,石牛江0.879,桥头河中学0.880。结论能力指数和平衡系数可真实反映学校在防控突发公共卫生事件能力方面存在的不足及主要原因,为如何加强和提高学校防控突发公共卫生事件能力提供了确切依据。值得推广应用。
Objective To explore the assessment methods of preventing and controlling sudden public health incidents in rural schools. Methods According to the purpose of the survey, the questionnaire was designed by ourselves, and questionnaires and self-contained methods were used to investigate the current situation. The comprehensive index was used to calculate the evaluation index. Results Students’ health knowledge and behavior, the total pass rate of middle school students 96.20%, 10 unqualified; primary pass 77.63% of the total pass rate, 66 unqualified; the overall pass rate of high school students than primary school students (χ2 = 4.76, P <0.05); school food Safety and drinking water. The passing rate of Chunhua Middle School in Changsha was 61.30%, significantly lower than that of Qiaotouhe Middle School in Taojiang County (χ2 = 6.78, P <0.05). The passing rate of Chunhua Primary School in Changsha was 74.2% (Χ2 = 5.40, P <0.05). The relevant knowledge of the epidemic report was 40% pass rate of Chunhua Middle School in Changsha County and 80% in Chunhua Primary School. Taojiang County primary and secondary schools pass rate of 100%; school health survey 33 items in the lowest pass rate of 68.18% of Changsha County, Chunhua Middle School, up to the Taojiang County primary and secondary schools were 75.56%, but the difference between the four schools without Statistical significance (χ2 = 0.75, P> 0.05); The school prevention and control ability index rank, Chunhua primary school 0.691, Chunhua middle school 0.734, Shi Niujiang 0.879, Qiaotouhe middle school 0.880. Conclusions Capability index and balance coefficient can truly reflect the shortcomings and main causes of schools’ ability to prevent public health emergencies and provide an exact basis for how to strengthen and enhance their ability to prevent and control public health emergencies. Worth promoting application.