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研究生物量分配是了解植物结构与功能的有效手段,对陆地森林生态系统碳循环研究起着重要作用。本文以吉林省蛟河林业实验区管理局天然次生混交林内12个优势树种为研究对象,探讨了各树种生物量器官(叶、枝、干、根)分配特征及其与个体大小的关系。结果表明:1)12个树种各器官的相对生长遵循异速生长理论,相对生长关系并不一致。枝与干(1.091~1.254)、枝与根(1.012~1.158)、根与干(1.015~1.202)以及地下与地上部分(0.991~1.070)近于等速生长,叶与枝(0.655~0.757)、叶与干(0.777~0.931)和叶与根(0.718~0.859)呈现为异速生长。2)12个树种各器官生物量分配遵循异速生长分配理论,叶、枝、干和根生物量分配比例的范围依次为1.80%~6.54%、13.87%~27.09%、51.12%~65.03%和15.76%~25.52%,各器官生物量分配比例的均值大小表现为:干(57.09%)>根(21.46%)>枝(18.59%)>叶(2.86%)。根茎比(R/S)范围为0.189~0.355,均值为0.279。3)各器官生物量分配比例以及R/S均与树种有关,不同树种各器官生物量分配比例以及树种间R/S存在显著差异(P<0.05);除根生物量分配比例、R/S与个体大小无显著相关外(P>0.05),其他各器官分配比例均与个体大小呈显著相关关系(P<0.05)。具体表现为随个体增大,叶和干生物量分配比例显著降低、枝生物量分配比例显著增加(P<0.05)的趋势。研究表明:植物各器官在其生长过程中并非都是等速生长,异速生长广泛存在于各器官的生长过程中,同时各器官的生物量分配遵循异速生长分配理论。为了获得更多的空间和营养,植物在生长过程中遵循最优化分配理论,将更多的资源分配给有利于提高自身竞争力的器官,以达到具有更强竞争力和生产力的目的。
Studying biomass allocation is an effective way to understand the structure and function of plants and play an important role in the carbon cycle research of terrestrial forest ecosystems. In this paper, 12 dominant tree species in natural secondary mixed forests of Jiaohe Forestry Experimental Zone in Jilin Province were studied to investigate the distribution characteristics of biomass organs (leaves, shoots, stems and roots) and their relationship with individual size. The results showed that: 1) The relative growth of organs in 12 species followed the theory of allometric growth, and the relative growth was not consistent. Branches and roots (1.012-1.158), roots and stems (1.015-1.202), and underground and aboveground parts (0.991-1.070) grew at nearly equal rates. Leaf and branch (0.655-0.757) , Leaf and stem (0.777 ~ 0.931) and leaf and root (0.718 ~ 0.859) showed allometric growth. The distribution of biomass of leaves, branches, stems and roots was 1.80% ~ 6.54%, 13.87% ~ 27.09%, 51.12% ~ 65.03% and 15.76% ~ 25.52%. The mean value of biomass distribution of different organs showed as follows: dry (57.09%)> roots (21.46%)> branches (18.59%)> leaves (2.86%). The ratio of rhizome ratio (R / S) ranged from 0.189 to 0.355 with a mean of 0.279. 3) The biomass allocation ratios and R / S of all organs were related to tree species. The biomass allocation ratios of different organs and the inter-species R / S were significant (P <0.05). In addition to the ratio of root biomass allocation, R / S was not significantly correlated with the size of the individual (P> 0.05), and the distribution of other organs was significantly correlated with the individual size (P <0.05). The results showed that with the increase of individuals, the proportion of leaf and dry biomass decreased significantly, and the proportion of branch biomass increased significantly (P <0.05). The results showed that all the organs of plants did not grow at the same speed in their growth process. Allometric growth was widely observed in the growth of various organs. Meanwhile, the biomass allocation of different organs followed the allometric growth distribution theory. In order to gain more space and nutrition, plants follow the principle of optimal distribution during growth, and allocate more resources to organs conducive to enhancing their own competitiveness in order to achieve more competitive and productive purposes.